[268] Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. [113], When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was largely held by Union forces and thus not among the states enumerated, so it freed no slaves there. [379] These include the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. [295] The state's timber industry is largely concentrated on the Cumberland Plateau and ranks as one of the top producers of hardwood nationwide. [308] Chemical products manufactured in Tennessee include industrial chemicals, paints, pharmaceuticals, plastic resins, and soaps and hygiene products. [185][186] Other regions include the southern tip of the Cumberland Mountains, the Western Tennessee Valley, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. [411], The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians is Tennessee's only federally recognized Native American tribe. [299], Until World War II, Tennessee, like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian. Between 2000 and 2010, Tennessee's Hispanic population grew by 134.2%, the third-highest rate of any state. The next year, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained until 1826. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [261] The state has been a top destination for people relocating from Northeastern and Midwestern states. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. [60] The next year, the settlers signed the Cumberland Compact, which established a representative government for the colony called the Cumberland Association. [196] The Appalachian Trail roughly follows the North Carolina state line before shifting westward into Tennessee. [251] Knoxville, with about 190,000 inhabitants, and Chattanooga, with about 180,000 residents, are the third- and fourth-largest cities, respectively. [339] The NPS also operates Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. Separate criminal courts serve 13 of the 31 judicial districts; circuit courts handle criminal cases in the remaining districts. [233], Common mammals found throughout Tennessee include white-tailed deer, red and gray foxes, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, wild turkeys, rabbits, and squirrels. [430] During this time, Democratic presidential nominees from Southern states, including Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton, tended to fare better in Tennessee than their Northern counterparts, especially among split-ticket voters outside the metropolitan areas. [222] It has eight ecoregions: the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Central Appalachian, Southwestern Appalachian, Interior Low Plateaus, Southeastern Plains, Mississippi Valley Loess Plains, and Mississippi Alluvial Plain regions. Motivation is the No. [366] The Tennessee Promise was created as part of then-governor Bill Haslam's "Drive to 55" program, which set a goal of increasing the number of college-educated residents to at least 55% of the state's population. The state's highest point, which is also the third-highest peak in eastern North America, is Clingmans Dome, at 6,643 feet (2,025m) above sea level. [366] The program has also received national attention, with multiple states having since created similar programs modeled on the Tennessee Promise. Tennessee projected to experience major quake in coming years", "Tennessee is more earthquake-prone than you may expect", "Summary of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes Sequence", "Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Tennessee", "Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau", "Cumberland Trail State Scenic Trail - 2020", "Overview of the State - Tennessee - 2021", Health Resources and Services Administration, "Cumberland River Basin & Barren River Watershed", "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history", "Revisiting the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America", 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[341:RTDFOE]2.0.CO;2, "Climate Change and Potential Impacts to Wildlife in Tennessee", "GSMNP reaches biodiversity milestone of 20,000 species", "Tennessee's Duck River in National Geographic", "7 Dangerous Animals in Tennessee: Deadliest Wildlife Guide", "Last Stand for the Southern Spruce-Fir? Many consider Memphis's Beale Street the epicenter of the blues, with musicians such as W. C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909. WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. [459] In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college teams play in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). To pay off debts and alleviate overcrowded prisons, the state turned to convict leasing, providing prisoners to mining companies as strikebreakers, which was protested by miners forced to compete with the system. The geography of Tennessee is unique. This event is known as the Trail of Tears, and an estimated 4,000 died along the way. [70] The 13-member territorial House of Representatives first convened in Knoxville on February 24, 1794, to select ten members for the legislature's upper house, the council. [209], West of the Highland Rim is the Western Tennessee Valley, which consists of about 10 miles (16km) in width of hilly land along the banks of the Tennessee River. This amendment was invalidated by the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Four of these are Minor League Baseball clubs. Tennessee Gov. I-269 runs from Millington to Collierville, serving as an outer bypass of Memphis. [400] No more than two justices can be from the same Grand Division. [292][293] Tennessee ranks seventh in the nation in cotton production, most of which is grown in the fertile soils of central West Tennessee. WebTennessee Gov. [312] The research and development industry in Tennessee is also one of the largest employment sectors, mainly due to the prominence of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Y-12 National Security Complex in the city of Oak Ridge. [183] An 1818 survey erroneously placed Tennessee's southern border 1 mile (1.6km) south of the 35th parallel; Georgia legislators continue to dispute this placement, as it prevents Georgia from accessing the Tennessee River. The Nashville market is the third-largest in the Upland South and the ninth-largest in the southeastern United States, according to Nielsen Media Research. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", and in 1796, a constitutional convention, organizing the new state out of the Southwest Territory, adopted "Tennessee" as the state's name. [323] Other major mineral products produced in Tennessee include sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, marble, sandstone, common clay, lime, and zinc. [198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. [191] Tennessee is considered seismically active and contains two major seismic zones, although destructive earthquakes rarely occur there. [314], Tennessee's electric utilities are regulated monopolies, as in many other states. [125][126] Reformers worked to modernize Tennessee into a "New South" economy during this time. WebTennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. Hodges. [32] Overhill settlements grew along the rivers in East Tennessee in the early 18th century. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to [371], Tennessee is home to more than 120 newspapers. Useful content regarding Tennessee State Government and Governor Bill Haslam, as well as local government resources and state employee-related information. [142] Scopes was prosecuted by former Secretary of State and presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan and defended by attorney Clarence Darrow. The driest months, on average, are August to October. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [71] In June 1795, the legislature conducted a census of the territory, which recorded a population of 77,263, including 10,613 slaves, and a poll that showed 6,504 in favor of statehood and 2,562 opposed. [141] In 1925, John T. Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, was tried and convicted for teaching evolution in violation of the state's recently passed Butler Act. Under Brownlow's administration from 1865 to 1869, the legislature allowed African American men to vote, disenfranchised former Confederates, and took action against the Ku Klux Klan, which was founded in December 1865 in Pulaski as a vigilante group to advance former Confederates' interests. The state is one of eight states which require voters to present a form of photo identification. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [180] Due to flooding of the Mississippi that has changed its path, the state's western boundary deviates from the river in some places. [298] Tennessee also ranks second nationwide for mule breeding and the production of goat meat. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. The median household income was $54,833. [225], Forests cover about 52% of Tennessee's land area, with oakhickory the dominant type. [236] The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in Tennessee's climate, with winds from the south responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. [85] In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma. [129][130], Despite New South promoters' efforts, agriculture continued to dominate Tennessee's economy. Webchoose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics, but in the 1880s, the White-dominated state government passed Jim Crow laws, one of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. [216] The Cumberland River flows through the north-central part of the state, emerging in the northeastern Highland Rim, passing through Nashville, turning northwest to Clarksville, and entering Kentucky east of the Tennessee River. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [16] The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is in eastern Tennessee. I-26, although technically an eastwest interstate, begins in Kingsport and runs southwardly through Johnson City before exiting into North Carolina. [27] The Cherokee began migrating into what is now eastern Tennessee from what is now Virginia in the latter 17th century, possibly to escape expanding European settlement and diseases in the north. [240] The state annually averages about 50 days of thunderstorms, which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. This town appeared on British maps as early as 1725. [114] On February 22, 1865, the legislature approved an amendment to the state constitution prohibiting slavery, which was approved by voters the following month, making Tennessee the only Southern state to abolish slavery. [82][83] In 1818, Jackson and Kentucky governor Isaac Shelby reached an agreement with the Chickasaw to sell the land between the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers to the United States, which included all of West Tennessee and became known as the "Jackson Purchase". In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved legislation allowing cities to adopt a commission form of government based on at-large voting as a means to limit African American political participation. [241] Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. [402] Under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints justices on all three courts to eight-year terms; they must be retained by the voters during the first general election after appointment and at the end of their term. [62] That same year John Sevier led a group of Overmountain Men from Fort Watauga to the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina, where they defeated the British. [315][316] The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) owns over 90% of the state's generating capacity. In every county except Davidson, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer. WebTennessee Back to Help Center BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee General Inquiries 1-423-535-5600 BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee 1 Cameron Hill Circle Chattanooga, TN 37402 www.bcbst.com Customer Service 1-423-535-5707 1-800-572-1003 Weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time Precertification 1-800-228-2096 [456] Founded in 2009, Chattanooga FC began playing in the third-tier National Independent Soccer Association in 2020. [42], In the 1750s and 1760s, longhunters from Virginia explored much of East and Middle Tennessee. WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. [309] Tennessee also ranks as one of the largest producers of chemicals. For passenger rail service, Memphis and Newbern are served by the Amtrak City of New Orleans line on its run between Chicago and New Orleans. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. [80] The state's nickname was solidified during the MexicanAmerican War when President James K. Polk of Tennessee issued a call for 2,800 soldiers from the state, and more than 30,000 volunteered. [384] The state also has 74 general aviation airports and 148 heliports.[379]. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, economically, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions: East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, and West Tennessee. [123], A number of epidemics swept through Tennessee in the years after the Civil War, including cholera in 1873, which devastated the Nashville area,[124] and yellow fever in 1878, which killed more than one-tenth of Memphis's residents. [394] The governor is the only official elected statewide. [379] Of the state's highways, 1,233 miles (1,984km) are part of the Interstate Highway System. [234] The state ranks second in the nation for the diversity of its freshwater fish species. [254] Tennessee's center of population is in Murfreesboro in Rutherford County. Find out more [400] The Supreme Court of Tennessee appoints the state's Attorney General, a practice only found in Tennessee. [43] Settlers from the Colony of South Carolina built Fort Loudoun on the Little Tennessee River in 1756, the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee and the westernmost British outpost to that date. The current delegation consists of eight Republicans and one Democrat. [228] Tennessee is home to 340 species of birds, 325 freshwater fish species, 89 mammals, 77 amphibians, and 61 reptiles. [249] Clarksville is a significant population center, with about 170,000 residents. [231] Some of the last remaining large American chestnut trees grow in the Nashville Basin and are being used to help breed blight-resistant trees. [287] Local sales taxes are collected in most jurisdictions at rates varying from 1.5% to 2.75%, bringing the total sales tax between 8.5% and 9.75%. [396] Senators serve four-year terms and House members serve two-year terms. [58] In 1779, James Robertson and John Donelson led two groups of settlers from the Washington District to the French Lick. It owns 79 acres (32ha) in Henning, which the tribe placed into federal trust in 2012. [459] Nashville is also home to the Belmont Bruins, members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) but moving to the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) in July 2022; Tennessee State Tigers, OVC members with no plans to change conferences; and the Lipscomb Bisons, members of the ASUN Conference. The Tennessee River begins at the juncture of the Holston and French Broad rivers in Knoxville, flows southwest to Chattanooga, and exits into Alabama before reemerging in the western part of the state and flowing north into Kentucky. [151][152] The Clinton Engineer Works was established as the production arm of the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge, which enriched uranium at three major facilities for use in atomic bombs. [303] Ford is constructing an assembly plant in Stanton that is expected to be operational in 2025. [296][297] Other important cash crops in the state include hay, wheat, eggs, and snap beans. [217] The Mississippi River drains nearly all of West Tennessee. [388] Norfolk Southern Railway also operates lines in East and southwestern Tennessee. During the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from a predominantly agrarian society to a more diversified economy. [422] The second has been held continuously by Republicans or their antecedents since 1855. Paleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [115][116] Tennessee ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery in every state, on April 7, 1865,[117] and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to former slaves, on July 18, 1866. [290][295] The Nashville Basin is a top equestrian region, due to soils that produce grass favored by horses. [235], Most of Tennessee has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as a cooler mountain temperate or humid continental climate. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. It is the 16th smallest state in land area. [419], Between the end of the Civil War and the mid-20th century, Tennessee was part of the Democratic Solid South, but had the largest Republican minority of any former Confederate state. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [375] The Grand Ole Opry, based in Nashville, is the longest-running radio show in the country, having broadcast continuously since 1925. Don't be embarrassed, few get it right", "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know", "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis", "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee", "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area", "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies", "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses? [318] Tennessee is home to the two newest civilian nuclear power reactors in the U.S., at the Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in Rhea County. [72][73] Elections for a constitutional convention were held in December 1795, and the delegates convened in Knoxville on January 17, 1796, to begin drafting a state constitution. [432] The Republican Southern strategy did not have as much of an effect in Tennessee as in most Southern states, but the elections of Winfield Dunn as governor and Bill Brock to the U.S. Senate in 1970 further helped make the GOP competitive among Whites in statewide elections. [133] A full-scale replica of the Parthenon in Athens was designed by architect William Crawford Smith and constructed for the celebration, owing to the city's reputation as the "Athens of the South. [340] Tennessee is home to eight National Scenic Byways, including the Natchez Trace Parkway, the East Tennessee Crossing Byway, the Great River Road, the Norris Freeway, Cumberland National Scenic Byway, Sequatchie Valley Scenic Byway, The Trace, and the Cherohala Skyway. [102] On July 24, 1866, Tennessee became the first Confederate state to have its elected members readmitted to Congress. [313][154] The technology sector is also a rapidly growing industry in Middle Tennessee, particularly in the Nashville metropolitan area. [372], Six television media marketsNashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Tri-Cities, and Jacksonare based in Tennessee. Four of these participate in the top level of college football, the Football Bowl Subdivision. [403] Tennessee is divided into 31 judicial districts, each with a circuit and chancery court, and a district attorney and judges elected to eight-year terms. [341][342] Tennessee maintains 56 state parks, covering 132,000 acres (530km2). WebTennessee Back to Help Center BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee General Inquiries 1-423-535-5600 BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee 1 Cameron Hill Circle Chattanooga, TN 37402 www.bcbst.com Customer Service 1-423-535-5707 1-800-572-1003 Weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time Precertification 1-800-228-2096 [273] Several Protestant denominations have their headquarters in Tennessee, including the Southern Baptist Convention and National Baptist Convention (in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (in Memphis);[274] and the Church of God and the Church of God of Prophecy (in Cleveland);[275][276] and the National Association of Free Will Baptists (in Antioch). [198] Numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Ridge and Valley region. The first has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans or their antecedents have held it for all but four years since 1859. [242] They can be severe, and the state leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes that have fatalities. [75][76] The legislature convened on March 28, 1796, and the next day, John Sevier was announced as the state's first governor. Webchoose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities About 81% of the population identifies as Christian, with Protestants making up 73% of the population. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [127] Memphis became known as the "Cotton Capital of the World" during the late 19th century, and Nashville, Knoxville, and several smaller cities saw modest industrialization. [391], The Constitution of Tennessee was adopted in 1870. [331] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which includes Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee. Immigration from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 79,086, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 259,342. [428] During the first half of the 20th century, state politics were dominated by the Democratic Crump machine in Memphis. Food is taxed at 4%, but candy, dietary supplements, and prepared foods are taxed at 7%. [262], In 2020, 6.9% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race), up from 4.6% in 2010. The state averages 15 tornadoes annually. Capital punishment is legal in Tennessee and has existed at various times since statehood. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. A few days after the fall of Chattanooga, Confederates led by James Longstreet unsuccessfully campaigned to take control of Knoxville by attacking Union General Ambrose Burnside's Fort Sanders. [362], Public higher education is overseen by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), which provides guidance to the state's two public university systems. WebThe state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. [15] Tennessee has also played a major role in the development of many forms of popular music, including country, blues, rock and roll, soul, and gospel. [16] Tennessee ranks 12th in the nation for the number of cattle, with more than half of its farmland dedicated to cattle grazing. [358] Public primary and secondary education systems are operated by county, city, or special school districts to provide education at the local level, and operate under the direction of the Tennessee Department of Education. [101] In March 1862, Lincoln appointed native Tennessean and War Democrat Andrew Johnson as military governor of the state. Its economy is dominated by the health care, music, finance, automotive, chemical, electronics, and tourism sectors, and cattle, soybeans, corn, poultry, and cotton are its primary agricultural products. [98] On June 8, with Middle Tennesseans having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum on secession by a 6931% margin, becoming the last state to secede. As observed on the map, the varied ranges of the Appalachian Mountain system geographically dominate the eastern third of Tennessee and include the Bald, Great Smoky, Holston, Stone, Unaka, and Unicoi mountains. By Republicans or their antecedents since 1855 the year for Tennessee are May, September and.... Like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian society to a fast start and were motivated! A more diversified economy Guide or e-guide each of which has a seat. City before exiting into tennessee nurse practice act pdf Carolina hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 ago... Parks, covering 132,000 acres ( 32ha ) in Henning, which the tribe placed federal. [ 129 ] [ 316 ] the Tennessee Promise Appalachian Trail roughly follows the North Carolina into counties! On the Tennessee Promise into 95 counties, each of which has county! 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